PermeOx®
Plus in Remediation
Treatments
In the environmental industry,
the use of amendments for soil and groundwater cleanup is increasing
in acceptance. One very common practice is the use of aerobic
microbes to degrade hydrocarbon contaminants.
Nutrients and oxygen are supplied to the microbes to enhance
this natural process.
FMC introduces a solid,
controlled released calcium peroxide formulation under the name PermeOx®
Plus for environmental applications.
The low solubility of PermeOx®
Plus provides a slow release of oxygen.
As a solid, it is ideal for use in bioremediation
technologies such as land farming, biotreatment cells and multiple
lift soil systems.
Typically, PermeOx®
Plus is blended into the soil along with the nutrients during
initial soil preparation.
Laboratory research and field
applications experience have shown that PermeOx® Plus can speed up the bioremediation
process and may offer lower treatment costs compared to other
remediation methods.
PermeOx®
Plus Chemistry
Soil moisture and pH trigger a
gradual release of oxygen, after adding PermeOx® Plus. This oxygen release proceeds
stepwise, starting with formation of hydrogen peroxide and calcium
hydroxide. The
hydrogen peroxide then decomposes to form oxygen and water.
PermeOx®
Plus is yellow to off- white, dry, flow able granular
material that contains minimum 75 percent calcium peroxide and has
active oxygen content of 17 percent (minimum by weight), versus 8 to
10 percent for magnesium peroxide. The remaining 25 percent is
primarily made up of calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide and bound
water.
Field experience has shown that PermeOx®
Plus offers substantial benefits in the following situations:
•
When soil cleanups must be completed within specific time
guidelines to facilitate site closure, or when limited space demands
faster treatment and soil removal.
•
In land farming where operators wish to reduce the frequency
of tilling to save operating costs (fuel, equipment, and manpower)
and minimize release of volatile organic compounds.
•
In heavy clay soils where PermeOx®
Plus not only provides a source of oxygen, but helps improve
hydraulic conductivity, permitting more efficient movement of
nutrients and oxygen through the soil.
•
In remote locations where daily or weekly site maintenance
and monitoring is not practical, or other means of oxygen supply are
not readily available.
In pilot tests at EPA Superfund site, PermeOx®
Plus treated soils showed increased total microbial
populations and the species diversity when compared to control and
tilled plots. Increasing
species diversity suggests the ability to degrade a wider range of
chemical contaminants.
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